Anatomy of the heart

Tissue layers

• Endocardium
• Myocardium
• Epicardium

Functioning

Heart beat

• Ion movement is vital
• Action potential – initiated in Pacemarker cells

Cardiac cycle

• Electricity (Cardiac electrophysiology)
• Pressure – Volume relations.
  • Frank-Starling mechanism.
  • Law of Laplace. Wall stress =

Coronary blood supply

LCA RCA

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system regulation of the heart

Measurements

• Electrochardiogram

Heart imaging

• Echocardiography (Ultrasound imaging)
• Computer tomography.
  • CT angiography
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Positron emission tomography

Disease and medicine

• Myocardial infarction

Increasing cardiac output