The experimental and bioinformatic analysis of the Proteome of from living organisms.

• Mass spectrometry. One of the most sensitive techniques, whereby mass-charge ratios are determined by accelerating charged proteins to known speeds into a magnetic field, so that the radius of their circular trajectory indicates the mass-charge ratio. Depending on where the proteins are detected on a screen, we can get information of the radius of its trajectories. We also get information of their concentration from the intensity of the signal.
• Immunoassay
• Chromatography

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that combines the physical separation capabilities of liquid chromatography (or HPLC) with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS). Also used for Metabolomics

Aebersold, R. & Mann, M. (2016). Mass-​spectrometric exploration of proteome structure and function. Nature, 537, 347–​55.

For protein analysis, referred to as proteomics, the most relevant experimental approach is based on a shotgun ap- proach where proteins are proteolytically digested into peptides of ~8–​30 amino acids in length, for which mass spectrometers have greatest sensitivity, and for which sequencing information can be obtained directly via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/​MS, Fig. 25.1). This in combination with refined sample preparation protocols cap- able of handling small cellular tissue or body fluid samples including prefractionation have resulted in wider proteome coverage.

shotgun proteomics