Standard transformations (mappings of space to itself) for Euclidean space, in particular 3-dimensional Euclidean space ($\mathbb{R}^3$, often just called Space, because we live in a 3d space, locally Euclidean.

Most often spatial transformation refer to linear transformations

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wArGifkRD2A&index=3&list=PL_w_qWAQZtAZhtzPI5pkAtcUVgmzdAP8g

• Translation
• Scaling
• Rotation
• Reflection

Uses Affine geometry