aka phylogenetic tree
See Taxonomy, Phylogenetics
Distances in phylogenetic trees is related to genetic distance, and distance in the past to the most recent common ascentor.
Scientists Unveil New ‘Tree of Life’ Complex archaea that bridge the gap between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
All 2.3 Million Species Are Mapped into a Single Circle of Life
Developed by Carl Woese, using ribosomal rRNA sequencing.
See also Prokaryote
Phylogenetic network. For instance, bacteria exchange genetic materia. Endo-symbiosis of Mitochondria. Branches of the tree can connect, and so it isn't a perfect tree any more.