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Translation initiation

RBS. Ribosomal binding site. Translation initiated by Ribosome subunit binding to the RBS.

Shine Dalgarno (SD) sequence is the most common one. It binds to the 16S rRNA.

Secondary structure at ribosome binding sites. If the SD sequence is hybridized, it can't be bound by the rybosome, and the gene isn't translated.

Regulators can change the secondary structure, giving a way of regulating translation.

RBS calculator, UTR library designer.

Ribosome drafting

When successive ribosomes bind to a mRNA faster than the mRNA can refold. Maintains mRNA in unfolded state. Accelerates protein synthesis.

Therefore protein synthesis depends on the speed of folding of the secondary structure.