In Robotics

http://www.pronobis.pro/publications/pronobis2017icaps-planrob.pdf

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.03416.pdf

Uses Sum-product networks

http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~ai-lab/pubs/Kuipers+Byun-jras-91.pdf

Topological maps

In animals

Spatial representation in the brain

In other living beings

Taxis...